语言学基础教程 内容简介

《语言学基础教程》包括语言与语言学、语音学与音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、语篇分析、历史语言学、文体学、社会语言学、跨文化交际、心理语言学、认知语言学、应用语言学等十四章。在内容方面，本书在提供基本知识的同时，更注重教材的科学性、系统性、实用性和时代性。在编写过程中，我们力求“化难为简”，尽量做到概念清晰，既要保证知识的系统性，又要避免术语的堆砌。本书在传授基本知识与概念的同时，通过丰富的实例提供了有关语言分析和描述的基本方法，并强调语言学与其他学科的联系，以便适应创新型人才培养的需要。

语言学基础教程 本书特色

本教材的使用者主要为全国各高校英语专业的本科生。在内容方面，体现本科阶段课堂教学的特点，在提供基本知识的同时，更注重教材的科学性、系统性、实用性和时代性。在编写过程中，我们力求“化难为简”，尽量做到概念清晰，既要保证知识的系统性，又要避免术语的堆砌。本教材在传授基本知识与概念的同时，通过丰富的实例提供了有关语言分析和描述的基本方法，同时强调语言学与其他学科的联系，以便适应创新型人才培养的需要。为使学生巩固所学知识并进一步学习有关知识，每一章后都有练习题。全书共有十四章，教师可以根据教学大纲的课时安排和课堂教学的需要，合理地安排教学。

语言学基础教程 目录

chapter 1language and linguistics
1.1what is language?
1.2the design features of language
1.3the origin of language
1.4what is linguistics?
1.5the scope of linguistics
1.6a brief history of linguistics
1.6.1saussure as the father of modern linguistics
1.6.2american structuralism
1.6.3generative linguistics
1.6.4functional linguistics
questions and exercises
chapter 2phonetics and phonology: the sounds and sound patterns of language
2.1introduction
2.2phonetics
2.2.1speech organs
2.2.2consonants
2.2.3vowels
2.2.4transcription of speech sounds
2.3phonology
2.3.1phoneme
2.3.2phone and allophone
2.3.3phonotacties
2.3.4prosodic features: stress, tone and intonation
2.3.5co-articulation effects
2.4summary
questions and exercises
chapter 3morphology: the word structure of language
3.1introduction
3.2the words of language
3.3the structure of words
3.4morpheme, morph and allomorph
3.5classification of morphemes
3.5.1free morphemes and bound morphemes
3.5.2roots and affixes
3.5.3inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes
3.6word formation processes
3.6.1derivation
3.6.2compounding
3.6.3conversion
3.6.4blending
3.6.5backformation
3.6.6abbreviation or shortening
3.7summary
questions and exercises
chapter 4syntax: the sentence structure of language
4.1introduction
4.2sentence structure
4.2.1definition of sentence
4.2.2the linear structure of sentence
4.2.3the hierarchical structure of sentence
4.3the traditional approach
4.4the structural approach
4.4.1immediate constituent analysis
4.4.2endocentric and exocentric constructions
4.5the transformational-generative approach
4.5.1the tg model of grammar
4.5.2syntactic structure
4.5.3movement
4.6the functional approach
4.6.1functions of language
4.6.2functional analysis of syntactic structure
4.7summary
questions and exercises
chapter 5semantics: the meaning of language
5.1introduction
5.2approaches to meaning
5.3sense and reference
5.4word meaning
5.4.1grammatical meaning and lexical meaning
5.4.2classification of lexical meaning
5.4.3sense relations
5.4.4semantic field
5.5sentence meaning
5.5.1definition of sentence meaning
5.5.2semantic relations at the sentential level
5.6ambiguity
5.7semantic analysis
5.7.1componential analysis
5.7.2predication analysis
questions and exercises
chapter 6pragmatics: the use of language in context
6.1introduction
6.2pragmatics as a new branch of linguistics
6.2.1defining pragmatics
6.2.2syntax, semantics and pragmatics
6.3speech act theory
6.3.1constatives and performatives
6.3.2locution, illocution, and perlocution
6.3.3felicity conditions
6.3.4classification of speech acts
6.4theory of conversational implicature
6.4.1the notion of implicature
6.4.2cooperative principle and its maxims
6.4.3flouting the maxims
6.5politeness principle
6.5.1politeness: the principle and the maxims
6.5.2clashes between the maxims
6.6summary
questions and exercises
chapter 7discourse analysis: language above the sentence
7.1introduction
7.2what is discourse analysis?
7.3cohesion
7.3.1reference
7.3.2substitution
7.3.3ellipsis
7.3.4conjunction
7.3.5lexical cohesion
7.4coherence
7.5the structure of discourse
7.5.1thematic structure and information structure
7.5.2the structure of conversations
7.5.3patterns in written discourse
7.6connections
questions and exercises
chapter 8historical linguistics: language through time
8.1 introduction
8.2when language changes
8.3how language changes
8.3.1phonological change
8.3.2lexical change
8.3.3grammatical change
8.4why language changes
8.4.1external causes
8.4.2internal causes
8.5summary
questions and exercises
chapter 9stylistics: language and literature
9.1introduction
9.2important views on style
9.2.1style as deviation
9.2.2style as choice
9.2.3style as foregrounding
9.3stylistic analysis
9.3.1phonological analysis
9.3.2graphological analysis
9.3.3lexical analysis
9.3.4syntactic analysis
9.3.5semantic analysis
9.3.6pragmatic analysis
questions and exercises
chapter 10sociolinguistics: language and society
10.1introduction
10.2the relations between language and society
10.3speech community and speech variety
10.4dialect
10.4.1regional dialect
10.4.2social dialect
10.4.3standard dialect
10.5register
10.6language contact and contact languages
10.6.1lingua franca
10.6.2pidgin
10.6.3creole
10.7choosing a code
10.7.1diglossia
10.7.2bilingualism
10.7.3code-switching
questions and exercises
chapter 11intercultural communication: language and culture
11.1introduction
11.2definitions of culture
11.3the relationship between language and culture
11.4naming the world through language
11.4.1color terms
11.4.2kinship terms
11.4.3culture-loaded words
11.5communicative patterns across cultures
11.5.1address forms
11.5.2greetings
11.5.3giving and accepting compliments
11.5.4high context versus low context
11.6language and thought: sapir-whorf hypothesis
11.7intercultural communication
11.7.1intercultural communication as a field of research
11.7.2conquering obstacles in intercultural communication
11.7.3value dimensions
11.8summary
questions and exercises
chapter 12psycholinguistics: language and psychology
12.1introduction
12.2language and the brain: the biological foundations of language
12.2.1cerebral lateralization and language functions
12.2.2evidence of lateralization
12.3language comprehension
12.3.1human information processing system
12.3.2the mental lexicon
12.3.3sentence comprehension
12.3.4discourse comprehension
12.4language production
12.5language acquisition
12.5.1first language, second language and foreign language
12.5.2first language acquisition
12.5.3second language acquisition
questions and exercises
chapter 13cognitive linguistics: language and cognition
13.1introduction
13.2categories and categorization
13.3conceptual metaphors
13.4conceptual metonymies
13.5image schemas
13.6iconicity
13.6.1iconicity of order
13.6.2iconicity of distance
13.6.3iconicity of complexity
questions and exercises
chapter 14applied linguistics: language teaching and learning
14.1introduction
14.2how is language learned?
14.2.1behaviorism
14.2.2the innateness hypothesis: universal grammar
14.2.3interlanguage theory
14.2.4the input hypothesis
14.2.5the output hypothesis
14.3individual differences in language learning
14.3.1language aptitude
14.3.2learning style
14.3.3motivation
14.3.4anxiety
14.3.5learning strategies
14.4approaches and methods in foreign language teaching
14.4.1the grammar-translation method
14.4.2the direct method
14.4.3the audiolingual method
14.4.4the communicative approach
14.4.5the task-based approach
14.5language testing
14.5.1types of test
14.5.2qualities of a good test
questions and exercises
references
glossary

语言学基础教程 节选

《语言学基础教程》包括语言与语言学、语音学与音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、语篇分析、历史语言学、文体学、社会语言学、跨文化交际、心理语言学、认知语言学、应用语言学等十四章。在内容方面，《语言学基础教程》在提供基本知识的同时，更注重教材的科学性、系统性、实用性和时代性。在编写过程中，我们力求“化难为简”，尽量做到概念清晰，既要保证知识的系统性，又要避免术语的堆砌。《语言学基础教程》在传授基本知识与概念的同时，通过丰富的实例提供了有关语言分析和描述的基本方法，并强调语言学与其他学科的联系，以便适应创新型人才培养的需要。

语言学基础教程 相关资料

插图：Human beings communicate with each other mainly in two modes 0f language——spoken and written.In oral communication with someone from a different linguistic community，what first strikes US as different may not bethat person’s possibly different idea about something，but the exoticness of thespeech sounds uttered.Speech sounds are the sounds utilized by all human languages to representmeaning.They are the sounds produced or heard in using language to speak orunderstand，and are related by the language system to certain meanings.Anyone who knows a language knows what sounds are in the language and howthey are“strung”together and what these different sound sequences mean（Fromkin&Rodman，1983：35）.The study of human speech sounds can bedone by examining the features of the sounds per se（Matthews，2001：33），which is adopted by the students of phonetics.The speech sounds can also bestudied from the point of view of how they are actually used in different languages（Katamba，1989：66），including how some of the sounds interrelateand interact with each other within a given language system，which is adoptedby the student of phonology.